(Manuskript-)Karten und Globen: Ein Überblick zum räumlichen Wissen der Frühen Neuzeit in Tirol

Abstract

On the occasion of the 300th birthday of Peter Anich (1723–1766), the Tyrolean cartographer, globe and instrument maker, and land surveyor, this article provides a general overview of Tyrol’s spatial knowledge before the twentieth century. With the help of older cartographical material – mainly early-modern manuscript maps produced in Tyrol – interruptions and consistencies in the cartographic practice are demonstrated. Of special importance to this topic are the allegorical printed map of Europe, made in 1534/1537 by the Innsbruck humanist Johannes Putsch (1516–1542); the first regional maps that were drawn by various cartographers (Jörg Kölderer, Paul Dax, Warmund Ygl, Matthias Burgklechner, Hilarius Duvivier, and Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder etc.); as well as manuscript maps (mainly border and litigation maps) which depict the Alpine’s region cultivated landscape (including the visualization of natural disasters as floods and mudflows, mining and viniculture, and the first depictions of glaciers). This account of Tyrolean map history is necessary to understand Anich’s cartographic oeuvre, its reception, and the later development of relief cartography. The epilogue briefly focuses on the fabrication of his globe pairs.